Rousseau, education
Rousseau convinced that society and culture have distorted the man, who was born basically good. The task of education is therefore to safeguard the child from the effects they can have him on society and culture. The true master not the one who teaches something, but the one who lets the child freely develop its own nature.
a) The three masters (J.-J. Rousseau, Emile or education, I)
Everything that we do not have at birth and we need to be large, it is given by ' education.
This education comes from nature , or men or things. The internal development of our faculties and our organs is the education of nature, the use to which we are taught to make is the education of men, and the purchase of our own experience on subjects that affect us is the education of things.
Each of us is therefore composed of three species of teachers . The disciple that contradict their different classes, you badly brought up, and will never agree with itself: the one in which they contribute fully and tend to the same ends, it is the only one who goes to live with its purpose and consistency. And it is the only one to be well educated.
b) Do not teach today what you can teach tomorrow (J.-J. Rousseau, Emile or education, II)
caring teachers, be simple, discreet and prudent, do not rush it on to act only to prevent that other acts, I never tire of repeating postponed until later, if possible, a good education, for fear of a bad issue now. On this Earth, that nature would have made the first man's paradise, the idea of \u200b\u200btrembling to that part of the tempter with the desire to give the innocent childhood knowledge of good and evil. [...]
c) The world is a world of cardboard (J.-J. Rousseau, Emile or education, II)
any study you do, with no idea of \u200b\u200bthe things represented, the representative signs are nothing. However, it always limits the child to these signs, never potergli to understand anything of what they represent. Thinking to teach the description of the Earth, they are taught to know that the cards, teach him the names of cities, countries, rivers, he has no concept of existing in another place where they are shown on the map.
The problem of 'education
The proper education should therefore proceed in the direction of action in part on the minimum natural development of the individual, education must be passive , a non-invasive, should not intervene in the natural development of the individual substance, inherently led to find for itself the right approach to problems and right balance between the educational moments. The pupil-teacher must avoid the bad influences moral society, should encourage their innate curiosity and prepare it for a spontaneous growth, unmediated by external factors degenerative.
The problem of education in Rousseau was Emilia, a book where you imagine a young man (Emilio, in fact), away from society and brought up in a villa in the countryside by a teacher that the pupil does not require any pre-conceived vision induced by society, but try to bring out the natural and instinctive curiosity toward the boy's natural events.
The social contract
If the company corrupts a man's original purity, it limits its freedom and reduces it in chains.
The problem is finding a social at the same time ensuring collective security and individual freedom. Rousseau wary of democratic ideas, or does not think that the problem can be resolved only by deciding which individual freedoms should be limited or not.
The only way to create a harmonious society absolutely is the total limit of individual liberties in favor of a social contract shared by all men. What Rousseau proposes is not an absolute and authoritarian state , the citizen is not subject to any authority, every person has to change his consciousness, however, profound changes in its being, overcoming selfishness right of individuals and forgetting the expression of private property will self-centered, tailored to personal choices, but no more collective in the name of the general will.
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